Table 1 Characteristics of studies included

Alaxander & Lupfer (1987) [38]

N = 586 college women, ages 17–50 (average age: 23), did not report race or sexual identity

CSA

Sexual satisfaction, sexual functioning

• CSA is not associated with sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction

Bartoi & Kinder (1998) [32]

N = 175 college women, ages 18–22, 71% White, 11% Black, 10% Latinx/Hispanic, 8% “other,” 99% identified as straight

CSA, ASA

Sexual functioning, Sexual satisfaction

• ASA survivors reported higher sexual dissatisfaction and nonsexuality than those who experienced CSA or no abuse

• Survivors with lifetime sexual violence were overall less satisfied with the quality of sexual relationship in comparison to women with no history of sexual abuse but did not differ on interpersonal communication with sexual partner

• Neither ASA nor CSA was related to anorgasmia, sexual avoidance, sexual noncommunication, and vaginismus

Bird et al. (2017) [19]

N = 70 college women, ages 21–35, 70.8% White, did not report sexual identity

CSA

Sexual arousal, sex-related dissociation

• CSA severity and sex-related dissociation were positively associated — but not in the “relax and maximize” arousal condition

Fromuth (1986) [15]

N = 383 college women, average age:19.41 years, 98% White, did not report sexual identity

CSA

Sexual adjustment (avoidance of sexual activity, sexual desire, orgasmic capacity, having an orgasm, or anorgasmia, frequency of masturbation), sexual self-esteem

• CSA history was not associated with avoidance of sexual activity, sexual desire, sexual adjustment, self-esteem, orgasmic capacity, having an orgasm, or anorgasmia

• CSA survivors engaged in higher frequency of masturbation compared to those without a history of CSA

Garneau-Fournier et al. (2017) [33]

N = 547 college women, ages 18–25 (94% between 18 and 20), 91% White, 98% non-Hispanic, 98% identified as straight

Lifetime sexual violence

Sexual functioning

• Sexual violence was positively associated with issues of sexual dysfunction, a greater number of sexual dysfunction problems, the likelihood of female sexual interest/arousal problems, and the likelihood of female orgasms difficulties

Halle-Ekane et al. (2021) [39]

N = 405, college women, ages 17–43 (average age: 21.7), did not report race or sexual identity

Lifetime sexual violence

Sexual functioning

• Women with a history of sexual violence were also about two times more likely to have female sexual dysfunction compared to those without a history of sexual violence

Jakson et al. (1990) [40]

N = 40 college women, ages 18–33 (average age: 23.14), did not report race or sexual identity

CSA

Sexual functioning

• 65% of survivors with history of CSA met DSM-III criteria for sexual dysfunction, with 50% reported inhibited sexual desire, 45% inhibited orgasm, 35% inhibited sexual excitement, 25% dyspareunia, and 10% vaginismus

• Women with history of CSA reported lower satisfaction with sexual functioning and poorer body image, compared to those without history of CSA

• Women with and without history of CSA did not differ on sexual information, attitudes, experience, drive, or fantasies

Kelley & Gidycz (2015a) [14]

N = 710 college women, age 18–23, 87.1% White, 5.1% Asian/Pacific Islander, 4.7% Black, 2.4% Mixed/multiracial/Other, 0.8% Latinx/Hispanic, 88.1% identified as heterosexual

CSA, ASA, revictimization

Sexual self-schema, sexual self-esteem, erotophilia

• History of CSA was associated with less control of sexual self-esteem. History of ASA was related to greater erotophilia and more positive romantic/passionate sexual self-schema but lower control, attractiveness, and moral/judgment sexual self-esteem

• Revictimization was not related to any sexual functioning indicators

Kelley & Gidycz (2015b) [17]

N = 132 college women, ages 18–23, 85.9% White, 4.5% Mixed/multiracial, 4.4% Asian/Pacific Islander, 3.7% Black, 1.5% Latino/Hispanic, 81.5% identified as heterosexual

ASA

Sexual functioning

• Labeling of ASA as assault was indirectly associated with greater levels of sexual lubrication difficulties and sexual dissatisfaction (but not sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain) via anxious coping (but not avoidance and cognitive coping)

Kelley & Gidycz (2017) [41]

N = 501 college women, ages 18–23, 87.7% White, 4.6% Black, 4.2% Asian/Pacific Islander, 2.2% Mixed/multiracial, 1.0% Latinx/Hispanic, 0.2% American Indian or Alaskan Native, 87.8% identified as heterosexual

CSA, ASA

Sexual functioning

• After controlling for CSA, increased anxiety and greater post-traumatic symptoms mediated the relationship between ASA and fewer sexual desire difficulties

• After controlling for CSA, increased post-traumatic symptoms mediated the relation between ASA greater orgasm difficulties

• After controlling for CSA, increased anxiety and depression mediated the relation between ASA and greater sexual pain

• ASA and CSA were not associated with lubrication difficulties in the presence of psychological distress

Kelley & Gidycz (2019) [27]

N = 108 college women, average age 19.3, 87.0% White, 5.6% Mixed/multiracial, 4.6% Asian/Pacific Islander, 1.9% Black, 0.9% Latinx/Hispanic, 93.5% identified as heterosexual

CSA, ASA

Sexual functioning

• ASA severity (but not CSA severity) was associated lubrication difficulties and sexual distress

• Neither ASA severity nor CSA severity were related to sexual arousal or orgasm difficulties

Kelley & Gidycz (2020) [10]

N = 462 college women, ages 18–23, 89.3% White, 3.7% Asian/Pacific Islander, 3.3% Mixed/multiracial, 3.0% Black, 0.4% American Indian or Alaska Native, 0.2% Middle Eastern, 97.4% identified as entirely or mostly heterosexual

CSA, ASA

Sexual aversion and assertiveness

• After controlling for CSA, lower sexual assertiveness and greater alcohol use mediated the relation between ASA and engagement in risky sexual behavior with a new partner

• ASA-related post-traumatic stress symptoms did not mediate the relationship between ASA and sexual aversion

• Neither ASA not CSA were associated with sexual aversion

Kilimnik et al. (2016) [24]

N = 126 college women, ages 18–30 (85% between 18 and 21), did not report race or sexual identity

ASA

Sexual satisfaction

• Survivors who labeled their ASA experiences as sexual assault demonstrated significantly more sexual concerns than those without history of sexual assault but did not differ from who women who did not label their ASA experiences as assault

• Women with a history of ASA reported less sexual compatibility with their sexual partners and higher levels of sexual concerns (but not global sexual contentment and sexual communication satisfaction) compared to women without history of sexual assault

• Depression accounted for the majority of sexual concerns between individuals with and without history of ASA

Kinzl et al. (1995) [42]

N = 202 college women, ages 18–30 (average age: 22), 100% White, did not report on sexual identity

CSA

Sexual functioning

• Among survivors who had experienced single incident CSA, 11.1% met DSM-IV criteria for sexual pain disorders, 11.1% met criteria for sexual desire/arousal disorder, and 27.8% met criteria for orgasm disorder

• Among survivors who experienced multiple incident CSA, 15.4% met DSM-IV criteria for sexual pain disorder, 30.8% met criteria for sexual desire/arousal disorder, and 42.3% met criteria for orgasm disorder

• Survivors with multiple incidents of CSA were reported sexual desire/arousal disorders significantly more than those with single-incident CSA and no history of CSA

Layh et al. (2020) [45]

N = 1534 college women, ages 18–25; 79.6% White, 16.5% Black, 6.2% Latinx/Hispanic, 3.1% Asian, 0.8% “other,” 95.3% identified as heterosexual

CSA, ASA

Sexual satisfaction, sexual motives

• Maladaptive sex motives (reduce their negative affect, improve their self-esteem, and obtain approval or avoid censure from their peers and sexual partners) mediated the relation between lifetime history of rape and risky sexual behavior and sexual satisfaction

Lemieux & Byers (2008) [16]

N = 270 college women, age 17 to 48 (average age = 23), primarily White and 96% heterosexual

CSA, ASA

Erotophobia, erotophilia, sexual self-esteem, sexual self-schema, sexual costs, sexual rewards, sexual functioning, sexual anxiety

• Women who experienced CSA with penetration were reported both a higher number and a higher level of sexual costs, more positive self-schema, greater levels of erotophilia, and lower sexual self-esteem than did the women who experienced CSA with fondling and women in no CSA group

• Compared to the NO ASA Group, the ASV Group reported lower sexual self-esteem, lower sexual satisfaction, higher relative sexual costs, more sexual problems, and lower level of sexual rewards

• Compared to revictimized women, the women who had experienced CSA only had fewer sexual problems and reported a lower level of sexual rewards, higher sexual costs, and lower sexual self-esteem. The women who reported ASA only reported lower level of sexual costs than the revictimized women

Meston et al. (1999) [13]

N = 1032 college women (n = 656) age 18–25, 58.1% non-Asian, 41.9% Asian, 94.3% identified as heterosexual, 3.6% bisexual, 1.2% lesbian

CSA

Sexual satisfaction

• History of CSA was associated with lower sexual drive, increased variety of sexual fantasies, and experiences, increased masturbation, increased unrestricted sexual behaviors, attitudes, and fantasies

• History of CSA was not associated with body image

Orlando & Koss (1983) [43]

N = 116 college women, average age: 19.3, 93% White, 7% Black, did not report sexual identity

ASA

Sexual satisfaction

• Women who experience sexual contact or rape reported less sexual satisfactions compared to those who experience pressure and/or coercion

Pihgrens et al. (1993) [18]

N = 167 college women, ages 18 to “20 or older,” did not report race or sexual identity

CSA; ASA

Sexual functioning, sex-related guilt

• Neither ASA nor CSA were related to fantasies, sex drive, sexual satisfaction, and sex-related guilt

Rellini & Meston (2007) [44]

N = 699 college women, average age = 18, primarily White

CSA

Sexual functioning, sexual satisfaction

• Compared to women who did not experience CSA, women who experienced CSA endorsed higher personal distress on Sexual Satisfaction Scale

• The CSA group reported greater sexual distress compared to the women who experienced nonsexual abuse, who in turn reported more distress than women who did not experience abuse. No significant group differences were observed in the sexual functioning

• Vaginal penetration, fear at the time of the abuse, familial relationship with the perpetrator, and chronic frequency of the abuse were associated with sexual satisfaction but not sexual function

Turchik & Hassija (2014) [25]

N = 309 college women, ages 18–22, 98.7% White, 98.7% identified as heterosexual

ASA

Sexual functioning, sexual desire

• Women who reported experiencing sexual contact, sexual coercion, or rape were more likely to report a lack of sexual desire compared with those who reported no violence

• Women who reported experiencing rape were more likely to report difficulty achieving orgasm compared with those who reported no violence