Table 1 Cultural characteristics of participants
Cultural factors | Total n = 395 N (%) | No GAD N (%) | Probable GAD N (%) | χ2 statistic | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seek help from religious for mental health issues | 2.268 | 0.13 | |||
Yes | 216 (55) | 152 (70.4) | 64 (29.6) | ||
No | 179 (45) | 138 (77) | 41 (22.9) | ||
Family freedom to discuss mental health | 20.213 | < 0.001*** | |||
Yes | 187 (47) | 157 (84) | 30 (16.1) | ||
No | 208 (53) | 133 (63.3) | 75 (36.1) | ||
Negative reaction to pregnancy by family and relatives | 4.587 | 0.032* | |||
Yes | 150 (38) | 101 (67.3) | 49 (32.7) | ||
No | 245 (62) | 189 (77.1) | 56 (22.9) | ||
Being isolated in family activities because of pregnancy | |||||
Yes | 47 (11) | 23 (48.9) | 24 (51.1) | 16.383 | < 0.001*** |
No | 348 (89) | 267 (76.7) | 81 (26.6) | ||
Family positive about gender of the child | 0.240 | 0.68 | |||
Yes | 304 (77) | 225 (74) | 79 (26) | ||
No | 91 (23) | 65 (71.4) | 26 (28.6) | ||
Family making decisions on your behalf regarding your care | < 0.001*** | ||||
Yes | 304 (77) | 238 (78.3) | 66 (21.7) | 16.047 | |
No | 91 (23) | 52 (57.1) | 39 (4.2) | ||
Strict cultural rules, beliefs, and practices regarding pregnancy and childbirth | 1.867 | 0.18 | |||
Yes | 342 (87) | 247 (72.2) | 95 (27.8) | ||
No | 53 (13) | 43 (81.6) | 10 (18.9) | ||
Lack interaction with the health care providers | 19.478 | < 0.001*** | |||
Yes | 66 (17) | 34 (51.5) | 32 (48.5) | ||
No | 329 (83) | 256 (77.8) | 73 (22.2) | ||
Forced to get married to someone | 1.393 | 0.23 | |||
Yes | 114 (29) | 79 (69.3) | 35 (30.7) | ||
No | 281 (71) | 211 (75.1) | 70 (24.9) | ||
Being supported by husband | 13.059 | < 0.001*** | |||
Yes | 293 (74) | 229 (78.2) | 64 (21.8) | ||
No | 102 (26) | 61 (59.8) | 41 (40.2) | ||
You have become more prayerful to seek God for help | |||||
Yes | 125 (32) | 72 (57.6) | 53 (42.4) | 23.444 | < 0.001*** |
No | 270 (68) | 218 (80.7) | 52 (19.3) | ||
Being forced to have sex with a man because of cultural practices | 5.208 | 0.022* | |||
Yes | 44 (11) | 26 (59.1) | 18 (40.9) | ||
No | 351 (89) | 264 (75.2) | 87 (24.8) | ||
Experiencing restrictions to cook and socialize because of pregnancy & delivery | 2.208 | 0.137 | |||
Yes | 220 (55.6) | 168 (76) | 52 (24) | ||
No | 175 (44.4) | 122 (68) | 53 (30) | ||
Information regarding childbirth and parenting from community elders | 0.011 | 0.91 | |||
Yes | 326 (83) | 239 (74) | 87 (26) | ||
No | 69 (17) | 51 (74) | 18 (26) | ||