Table 2 How intervention functions may reduce TB stigma
Intervention function | Definition (adapted for the context of TB stigma intervention design) |
|---|---|
Education | Increase knowledge or understanding of TB and TB stigma amongst people and communities affected by TB and/or health workers |
Persuasion | Use communication to induce positive or negative feelings or stimulate action to reduce TB stigma by highlighting its negative consequences |
Incentivisation | Create expectation of reward, e.g. related to TB patient care engagement which may be at the individual or health system (clinic) level |
Coercion | Create expectation of punishment or cost, e.g. related to TB patient loss to follow up which may be at the individual or health system (clinic) level |
Training | Impart skills to health workers reduce different types of stigma experienced by people with TB |
Restriction | Use rules to reduce the opportunity to engage in behaviours that can cause or exacerbate TB stigma |
Environmental restructuring | Change the physical or social context, often in the health facility setting, to reduce TB stigma |
Modelling | Provide an example for people to aspire to or imitate, e.g. by engaging TB survivors to provide support to people with TB |
Enablement | Increase the means or reduce the barriers to increase capability or opportunity of people or communities affected by TB to reduce TB stigma |