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Fig. 4 | BMC Global and Public Health

Fig. 4

From: Patterns and drivers of excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 13 Western European countries

Fig. 4

Age- and sex-standardized cumulative excess mortality rate in 13 Western European countries. A 27 January 2020 to 28 June 2020 (historical strain). B 29 June 2020 to 27 June 2021 (historical strain, followed by predominance of the Alpha variant). C 28 June 2021 to 3 July 2022 (predominance of the Delta variant followed by predominance of the Omicron variant and its descendent lineages)

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