Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study participants in Idukki District (India)

Gender

 Male

6868

50.3 (49.4–51.1)

 Female

6796

49.7 (48.9–50.6)

Religion

 Hindu

7693

56.3 (55.5–57.1)

 Christian

5111

37.4 (36.6–38.2)

 Muslim

821

6.0 (5.6–6.4)

 Others

39

0.3 (0.2–0.4)

No. of household members

 ≤ 5

10,968

80.3 (79.6–80.9)

 > 5

2696

19.7 (19.1–20.4)

Education level

 Illiterate

184

1.3 (1.2–1.6)

 Literate

287

2.1 (1.9–2.4)

 School

9800

71.8 (71–72.5)

 College

3393

24.8 (24.1–25.6)

Occupation

 Jobless

1017

7.4 (7–7.9)

 Student

1794

13.1 (12.6–13.7)

 Daily labourer

2211

16.2 (15.6–16.8)

 Agriculture

1930

14.1 (13.5–14.7)

 Housewife

3825

28 (27.2–28.8)

 Private job

2103

15.4 (14.8–16)

 Govt. job

212

1.6 (1.4–1.8)

 Business

438

3.2 (2.9–3.5)

 Retired

134

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

Socioeconomic status (according to colour of ration card)

 Above poverty line

6332

46.3 (45.5–47.2)

 Below poverty line

7084

51.8 (51–52.7)

 Extremely poor

248

1.8 (1.6–2.1)

Marital status

 Unmarried

3242

23.7 (23–24.4)

 Married

9271

67.8 (67.1–68.6)

 Widowed

1074

7.9 (7.4–8.3)

 Separated

77

0.6 (0.4–0.7)

Type of house

 Kutcha—mud floor, uncemented walls and thatched roof

1393

10.2 (9.7–10.7)

 Pucca—cemented floor, cemented walls and cemented or tiled roof

9814

71.8 (71.1–72.6)

 Mixed—combination of the above types

2457

18.0 (17.3–18.6)

Floor of house

 Improved—tile, cement and/or granite/marble

13,213

54.7 (96.4–97)

 Unimproved—soil and/or cow dung

133

57.9 (0.8–1.2)

 Mix of improved and unimproved

314

3.1 (2.1–2.6)

 Not categorised

4

0.2 (0.0–0.1)

Water source

 Piped only

3027

22.2 (21.5–22.9)

 Piped + well/borewell

1141

8.4 (7.9–8.8)

 Piped + well/borewell and surface

8

0.1 (0.0–0.1)

 Piped + surface

222

1.6 (1.4–1.9)

 Well/borewell only

8028

58.8 (57.9–59.6)

 Well/borewell + surface

342

2.5 (2.2–2.8)

 Surface only

896

6.6 (6.1–7.0)