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Table 4 Random effects meta-analyses for purpose in life outcome means by demographic category

From: Analytic methodology for demographic variation analyses for wave 1 of the global flourishing study

Variable category

Mean

95% CI

SE

Prediction Interval

Global

LL

UL

Heterogeneity(Ï„)

 \(I^{\mathit2}\) 

p value

Age group

       

 < .001**

 18–24

7.33

(6.87, 7.79)

0.23

5.26

8.72

1.08

99.3

 

 25–29

7.41

(6.98, 7.84)

0.22

5.27

8.92

1.02

99.0

 

 30–39

7.54

(7.12, 7.96)

0.21

5.20

9.03

0.99

99.5

 

 40–49

7.62

(7.25, 8.00)

0.19

5.21

8.98

0.89

99.2

 

 50–59

7.70

(7.37, 8.04)

0.17

5.41

8.78

0.79

98.9

 

 60–69

7.79

(7.48, 8.09)

0.16

5.94

8.75

0.72

98.6

 

 70–79

7.82

(7.56, 8.08)

0.13

6.58

8.90

0.58

96.8

 

 80 or oldera

7.88

(7.59, 8.16)

0.15

6.52

9.06

0.61

90.6

 

Gender

       

< .001**

 Male

7.66

(7.33, 7.99)

0.17

5.58

8.92

0.79

99.6

 

 Female

7.65

(7.32, 7.98)

0.17

5.77

8.83

0.79

99.6

 

 Othera

5.90

(5.07, 6.74)

0.43

3.94

7.76

1.40

86.9

 

Marital status

       

 < .001**

 Married

7.89

(7.61, 8.17)

0.14

5.98

8.93

0.67

99.5

 

 Separated

7.47

(7.10, 7.84)

0.19

5.89

8.80

0.81

94.3

 

 Divorced

7.53

(7.17, 7.89)

0.18

5.54

9.05

0.82

96.9

 

 Widowed

7.81

(7.52, 8.10)

0.15

6.54

8.73

0.66

94.9

 

 Domestic partner

7.54

(7.03, 8.05)

0.26

5.17

9.63

1.15

99.2

 

 Single, never married

7.27

(6.78,7.75)

0.25

4.80

8.66

1.15

99.6

 

Employment status

       

 < .001**

 Employed for an employer

7.67

(7.31,8.03)

0.18

5.49

8.85

0.86

99.6

 

 Self-employed

7.84

(7.57,8.12)

0.14

6.02

9.02

0.65

98.4

 

 Retired

7.80

(7.54,8.06)

0.13

6.22

8.61

0.60

97.9

 

 Student

7.32

(6.86,7.78)

0.24

5.42

8.88

1.09

98.4

 

 Homemaker

7.68

(7.37,7.99)

0.16

6.00

8.87

0.72

98.1

 

 Unemployed looking for a job

7.08

(6.54,7.62)

0.28

4.23

8.73

1.28

99.0

 

 None of these/other

7.24

(6.76,7.72)

0.24

4.91

8.70

1.10

97.3

 

Education

       

 < .001**

 Up to 8 years

7.65

(7.28,8.02)

0.19

5.14

8.94

0.87

98.9

 

 9–15 years

7.67

(7.30,8.04)

0.19

5.57

8.82

0.88

99.7

 

 16 + years

7.83

(7.49,8.17)

0.17

6.04

9.36

0.81

99.4

 

Religious service attendance

       

 < .001**

 > 1/week

8.49

(8.28,8.71)

0.11

7.34

9.24

0.50

97.1

 

 1/week

8.10

(7.93,8.28)

0.09

7.24

8.83

0.41

96.5

 

 1–3/month

7.80

(7.57,8.03)

0.12

6.32

8.79

0.54

96.3

 

 A few times a year

7.61

(7.32,7.90)

0.15

5.95

8.70

0.69

98.8

 

 Never

7.19

(6.85,7.53)

0.17

5.52

8.71

0.80

99.4

 

Immigration status

       

 < .001**

 Born in this country

7.65

(7.31,7.98)

0.17

5.67

8.87

0.80

99.8

 

 Born in another country

7.55

(7.24,7.86)

0.16

6.03

9.18

0.68

94.1

 
  1. N = 202,898. *p < .05; **p < .007 (Bonferroni corrected threshold)
  2. 1SE Analogue standard error approximated by CI Width/4, CI confidence interval, LL lower limits of prediction interval, UL upper limit of prediction interval; prediction interval is the range of likely values of the estimate for a randomly selected country; Ï„ is the standard deviation of the distribution of proportions across countries, which is an indicator of cross-national heterogeneity; I2 is an estimate of the variability in means due to heterogeneity across countries vs. sampling variability which is not uncommonly nearly 100% when there is nice precision in estimated proportion within country; and the Global p value corresponds to a test of the null hypothesis that there are no differences between the groups for that sociodemographic characteristic in all of the 22 countries
  3. aGroup is very small (< 0.1% of the observed sample) within several countries leading to large uncertainty in this estimate—be cautious about interpreting this estimate
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BMC Global and Public Health

ISSN: 2731-913X

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