Table 3 Variables associated with in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression findings of variables associated with in-hospital mortality for all individuals

Demographics

 Age, years (per year)

1.01 (1.00, 1.02)

< 0.001

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

0.381

 Sex

Female

7.0 (130/1859)

Ref

Ref

Male

8.0 (153/1915)

1.16 (0.91, 1.48)

0.227

1.14 (0.84, 1.55)

0.388

 History of alcohol use

No

7.1 (157/2202)

Ref

Ref

Yes

8.3 (118/1426)

1.18 (0.92, 1.51)

0.204

1.22 (0.86, 1.71)

0.260

 History of cigarette use

No

7.5 (214/2845)

Ref

Ref

Yes

7.6 (59/774)

1.01 (0.75, 1.37)

0.925

0.83 (0.56, 1.22)

0.332

 Distance from hospital (km)

<= 20

6.1 (80/1310)

Ref

Ref

> 20

8.3 (204/2467)

1.39 (1.06, 1.81)

< 0.001

1.27 (0.92, 1.76)

0.142

 HIV status

Negative

7.6 (250/3294)

Ref

Ref

Positive

7.0 (34/483)

0.92 (0.64, 1.34)

0.669

1.06 (0.66, 1.68)

0.818

Clinical Factors

 Length of stay (days)

<= 7

8.4 (211/2527)

Ref

Ref

> 7

5.2 (63/1207)

0.60 (0.45, 0.81)

0.003

0.56 (0.40, 0.79)

0.001

 SOFA (per unit of score)

1.51 (1.42, 1.60)

< 0.001

1.41 (1.30, 1.52)

< 0.001

 CCI (per unit of score)

1.23 (1.15, 1.30)

< 0.001

1.12 (0.97, 1.29)

0.122

 Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg) on admission

No

6.6 (228/3483)

Ref

Ref

Yes

19.1 (56/294)

3.36 (2.44, 4.62)

< 0.001

2.13 (1.40, 3.24)

< 0.001

 Hypertensive urgency (SBP > 180 mmHg)

No

7.2 (243/3389)

Ref

Ref

Yes

10.6 (41/388)

1.53 (1.08, 2.17)

0.017

1.45 (0.93, 2.25)

0.100

 Labs drawn during admission

No

4.9 (124/2512)

Ref

Ref

Yes

13.0 (160/1235)

2.87 (2.24, 3.66)

< 0.001

1.80 (1.30, 2.50)

< 0.001

 ICU transfer

No

7.5 (277/3717)

Ref

Ref

Yes

14.3 (5/35)

2.07 (0.80, 5.38)

0.135

1.32 (0.39, 4.51)

0.657

 Period of admission

Pre pandemic

2.9 (48/1655)

Ref

Ref

Early pandemic

15.4 (219/1423)

6.09 (4.42, 8.40)

< 0.001

5.59 (3.90, 8.02)

< 0.001

Late pandemic

2.4 (17/699)

0.83 (0.48, 1.46)

0.527

0.96 (0.52, 1.75)

0.890

Admission diagnosis

 Heart failure

No

7.5 (242/3245)

Ref

Ref

Yes

7.9 (42/532)

1.06 (0.76, 1.50)

0.723

1.29 (0.77, 2.15)

0.336

 Malignancy

No

7.3 (252/3468)

Ref

Ref

Yes

10.4 (32/309)

1.47 (1.00, 2.17)

0.050

1.79 (1.06, 3.01)

0.028

 Stroke

No

6.9 (238/3431)

Ref

Ref

Yes

13.3 (46/346)

2.06 (1.47, 2.88)

< 0.001

1.75 (1.06, 2.88)

0.028

 GI bleed

No

7.8 (276/3548)

Ref

Ref

Yes

3.5 (8/229)

0.43 (0.21, 0.88)

< 0.001

0.67 (0.27, 1.65)

0.385

 CKD

No

7.4 (262/3550)

Ref

Ref

Yes

9.7 (22/227)

1.35 (0.85, 2.13)

< 0.001

1.03 (0.56, 1.88)

0.925

 Diabetes

No

7.5 (268/3573)

Ref

Ref

Yes

7.8 (16/204)

1.05 (0.62, 1.77)

0.857

1.31 (0.64, 2.66)

0.461

 Cirrhosis

No

7.2 (258/3581)

Ref

Ref

Yes

13.3 (26/196)

1.97 (1.28, 3.03)

0.002

1.66 (0.84, 3.31)

0.147

 Alcohol-related admission

No

7.6 (277/3625)

Ref

Ref

Yes

4.6 (7/152)

0.58 (0.27, 1.26)

0.169

0.77 (0.32, 1.82)

0.547

 Poisoning

No

7.7 (276/3598)

Ref

Ref

Yes

4.5 (8/179)

0.56 (0.27, 1.15)

0.118

0.77 (0.31, 1.90)

0.565

 Hypertension

No

7.5 (275/3667)

Ref

Ref

Yes

8.2 (9/110)

1.10 (0.55, 2.20)

0.789

1.68 (0.69, 4.13)

0.254

 COPD

No

7.6 (281/3667)

Ref

Ref

Yes

2.7 (3/110)

0.34 (0.11, 1.07)

0.065

0.71 (0.21, 2.44)

0.585

Past medical history

 Hypertension

No

7.1 (207/2916)

Ref

Ref

Yes

8.9 (77/861)

1.29 (0.98, 1.69)

0.072

1.02 (0.70, 1.47)

0.912

 Diabetes

No

7.4 (244/3312)

Ref

Ref

Yes

8.6 (40/465)

1.18 (0.83, 1.68)

0.345

1.00 (0.62, 1.61)

0.990

 Heart failure

No

7.4 (262/3529)

Ref

Ref

Yes

8.9 (22/248)

1.21 (0.77, 1.91)

0.404

1.45 (0.80, 2.62)

0.222