Pre-sleep screen time and screen time addiction as shared determinants of poor sleep and obesity in adolescents aged 11–14 years in Scotland

Gale, Emma Louise; Williams, Andrew James; Cecil, Joanne E.

doi:10.1186/s44263-025-00160-y

Table 5 Model summaries of the blockwise regression of screen time behaviours on adiposity, obesity, and sleep outcomes in adolescents

From: Pre-sleep screen time and screen time addiction as shared determinants of poor sleep and obesity in adolescents aged 11–14 years in Scotland

	Model 1 (adjusted for demographics of the adolescent participants)				Model 2 (adjusted for model 1 + demographics of the caregivers)				Model 3 (adjusted for model 2 + wellbeing of the adolescent participants)				Model 4 (adjusted for model 3 + one screen time variable (i) timing (ii) quantity (%), (iii) location or (iv) addiction of the adolescent participants
	R²	AdjR²	F	p	R²	AdjR²	F	p	R²	AdjR²	F	p	R²		AdjR²	ΔAdjR²	F	p
Dependent variable
Body fat percentage	0.099	0.068	3.226	0.047	0.290	0.198	3.158	0.007	0.695	0.649	15.090	< .001	(i)	0.830	0.796	0.147	24.866	< .001
													(ii)	0.743	0.692	0.034	14.714	< .001
													(iii)	0.804	0.761	0.096	18.656	< .001
													(iv)	0.832	0.795	0.137	22.551	< .001
Body mass index percentile	0.064	0.032	1.996	0.145	0.426	0.351	5.626	< .001	0.453	0.369	5.378	< .001	(i)	0.466	0.359	−0.010	4.361	< .001
													(ii)	0.488	0.385	0.016	4.757	< .001
													(iii)	0.466	0.346	−0.023	3.886	< .001
													(iv)	0.571	0.475	0.106	5.927	< .001
Chronotype	0.055	0.023	1.720	0.188	0.305	0.214	3.378	0.005	0.791	0.759	25.014	< .001	(i)	0.859	0.818	0.059	25.204	< .001
													(ii)	0.820	0.784	0.025	25.014	< .001
													(iii)	0.808	0.765	0.006	19.099	< .001
													(iv)	0.822	0.782	0.023	20.940	< .001
Sleep habits	0.041	0.008	1.251	0.294	0.249	0.151	2.555	0.024	0.574	0.509	8.912	< .001	(i)	0.607	0.531	0.022	7.893	< .001
													(ii)	0.618	0.543	0.034	8.236	< .001
													(iii)	0.635	0.555	0.046	7.919	< .001
													(iv)	0.604	0.517	0.008	6.925	< .001
Insomnia symptoms	0.027	−0.006	0.831	0.441	0.307	0.217	3.410	0.004	0.726	0.685	17.561	< .001	(i)	0.848	0.819	0.134	28.514	< .001
													(ii)	0.785	0.743	0.058	18.632	< .001
													(iii)	0.822	0.783	0.098	20.981	< .001
													(iv)	0.882	0.857	0.172	34.112	< .001
Sleep onset variability	0.052	0.020	1.627	0.205	0.355	0.271	4.240	< .001	0.729	0.688	17.837	< .001	(i)	0.801	0.762	0.074	20.525	< .001
													(ii)	0.801	0.762	0.074	20.496	< .001
													(iii)	0.770	0.720	0.032	15.230	< .001
													(iv)	0.785	0.738	0.050	16.632	< .001

Key: AdjR²AdjR², DV dependent variable, ΔAdjR²Change of AdjR²

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ISSN: 2731-913X

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